CNT/PVA nanocomposites for construction printing comprehensive analytical and thermomechanical evaluation

Abstract

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotube (CNT)–reinforced polyvinyl acetate (PVA) nanocomposites aimed at enhancing structural and thermal performance for construction applications. The nanocomposites are fabricated via the solution casting method using CNT loadings of 0–1.0 wt.% dispersed through ultrasonic agitation to ensure uniformity. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirmed improved CNT–PVA interactions, with XRD showing increased semi-crystallinity and crystallite size rising from 28.4 nm (pure PVA) to 36.7 nm at 0.4 wt.% CNT. FTIR and Raman results revealed characteristic band shifts and a reduced Iᴰ/Iᴳ ratio (0.91), indicating strong interfacial bonding. FESEM and TEM observations demonstrated optimal CNT dispersion at 0.4 wt.%, yielding a compact microstructure with reduced particle size (~290 nm). Thermal stability improved significantly, as evidenced by increased TGA residue (11.0%). Mechanical testing showed highest density (1.25 g/cm³), and lowest porosity (3.1%) at 0.4 wt.% CNT. 0.4 wt.% CNT/PVA nanocomposites exhibited the most balanced multifunctional performance, making them promising for advanced construction applications.