Green synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures for biophysical applications: A Review

Abstract

Recent years have seen the increase in attention paid to biocompatible metal oxide nanostructures in various applications like engineering and medical. In an attempt to replace conventional chemical methods with environmentally benign methods, plant extracts have been used in the green synthesis of these nanostructures. In an attempt to replace conventional chemical methods with environmentally benign methods, plant extracts have been used in the green synthesis of these nanostructures. Nanoparticles (NPs) are important because of their reasonable property of being non-toxic heterogeneous catalysts, in addition to their high surface areas and beneficial interactions with biological systems. These nanomaterials also exhibit unique properties, like TiO₂ and ZnO. Metal oxide nanostructures may be safely incorporated into biological settings due to their biocompatibility, which makes them useful for antibacterial treatments, drug delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing. Their interactions with biomolecules, tissues, and cellular components are also essential for a number of biophysical processes, including bioelectricity, signaling, and cellular uptake. This review emphasizes metal oxide nanostructures' biophysical functions, green manufacturing methods, and characterization methodologies, as well as their potential to advance the domains of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. The review will offer a thorough description of the methods used to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs) from various plant extracts, with an emphasis on the role that nanoparticles play in antibacterial properties.